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Wheat research and breeding in the new era of a high-quality reference genome
Rudi APPELS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期 页码 225-232 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019265
The publications of the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) released in August 2018 are reviewed and placed into the context of developments arising from the availability of the high-quality wheat genome assembly.
关键词： assembly technology molecular markers polyploidy transcript networks wheat genome
Caiyun LIU, Francisco PINTO, C. Mariano COSSANI, Sivakumar SUKUMARAN, Matthew P. REYNOLDS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期 页码 296-308 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019269
The application of spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) as proxies to screen for yield potential (YP) and heat stress (HS) is emerging in crop breeding programs. Thus, a comparison of SRIs and their associations with grain yield (GY) under YP and HS conditions is important. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of 27 SRIs for indirect selection for agronomic traits by evaluating an elite spring wheat association mapping initiative (WAMI) population comprising 287 elite lines under YP and HS conditions. Genetic and phenotypic analysis identified 11 and 9 SRIs in different developmental stages as efficient indirect selection indices for yield in YP and HS conditions, respectively. We identified enhanced vegetation index (EVI) as the common SRI associated with GY under YP at booting, heading and late heading stages, whereas photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were the common SRIs under booting and heading stages in HS. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 18704 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Illumina iSelect 90K identified 280 and 43 marker-trait associations for efficient SRIs at different developmental stages under YP and HS, respectively. Common genomic regions for multiple SRIs were identified in 14 regions in 9 chromosomes: 1B (60–62 cM), 3A (15, 85–90, 101–105 cM), 3B (132–134 cM), 4A (47–51 cM), 4B (71–75 cM), 5A (43–49, 56–60, 89–93 cM), 5B (124–125 cM), 6A (80–85 cM), and 6B (57–59, 71 cM). Among them, SNPs in chromosome 5A (89–93 cM) and 6A (80–85 cM) were co-located for yield and yield related traits. Overall, this study highlights the utility of SRIs as proxies for GY under YP and HS. High heritability estimates and identification of marker-trait associations indicate that SRIs are useful tools for understanding the genetic basis of agronomic and physiological traits.
关键词： genome-wide association study (GWAS) heat tolerance spectral reflectance spring wheat
Exploring the cancer genome in the era of next-generation sequencing
null
《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期 页码 48-55 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0182-x
The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies has led to dramatic advances in cancer genome studies. The increased efficiency and resolution of next-generation sequencing greatly facilitate the detection of genetic, genomic, and epigenomic alterations, such as single nucleotide mutations, small insertions and deletions, chromosomal rearrangements, copy number variations, and DNA methylation. Comprehensive analysis of cancer genomes through approaches of whole genome, exome, and transcriptome sequencing has significantly improved the understanding of cancer biology, diagnosis, and therapy. The present study briefly reviews the recent pioneering studies on cancer genome sequencing and provides an unprecedented insight into the landscape of genomic alterations in human sporadic cancers.
关键词： next-generation sequencing cancer genome whole genome sequencing exome transcriptome
The development and application of genome editing technology in ruminants: a review
Mengke YUAN, Yuanpeng GAO, Jing HAN, Teng WU, Jingcheng ZHANG, Yongke WEI, Yong ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期 页码 171-180 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019302
Transgenic ruminants are a valuable resource for both animal breeding and biomedical research. The development of transgenic breeding is proceeding slowly, because it suffers from low efficiency of gene transfer and possible safety problems from uncontrolled random integration. However, new breeding methods combined with genome editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer or microinjection can offer an economic and efficient way to produce gene-edited ruminants, which can serve as bioreactors or have improved disease resistance, animal welfare and product quality. Recent advances in precise genome editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 nucleases, are enabling the systematic development of gene-edited ruminant production. This review covers the development of gene-edited ruminants, the particulars of site-specific engineered nucleases and the state of the art and new insights into practical applications and social acceptance of genome editing technology in ruminants. It is concluded that the production of gene-edited ruminants is feasible and through improvements in genome editing technology it is possible to help feed the world.
关键词： bioreactors breeding engineered endonucleases genome editing ruminants
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 4-18 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021432
Ongoing climate change is expected to have impacts on crops, insect pests, and plant pathogens and poses considerable threats to sustainable food security. Existing reviews have summarized impacts of a changing climate on agriculture, but the majority of these are presented from an ecological point of view, and scant information is available on specific species in agricultural applications. This paper provides an overview of impacts of climate change on two staple crops, wheat and rice. First, the direct effects of climate change on crop growth, yield formation, and geographic distribution of wheat and rice are reviewed. Then, the effects of climate change on pests and pathogens related with wheat and rice, and their interactions with the crops are summarized. Finally, potential management strategies to mitigate the direct impacts of climate change on crops, and the indirect impacts on crops through pests and pathogens are outlined. The present overview aims to aid agriculture practitioners and researchers who are interested in wheat and rice to better understand climate change related impacts on the target species.
Lei WANG, Jing LIU
《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期 页码 317-332 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0271-9
关键词： liquid metal material genome energy material material discovery advanced material room-temperature liquid alloy thermodynamics phase diagram
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 309-311 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022440
A brief history of wheat utilization in China
Minxia LU, Liang CHEN, Jinxiu WANG, Ruiliang LIU, Yang YANG, Meng WEI, Guanghui DONG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期 页码 288-295 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019266
Wheat is one of the most important crops in both China and the world, and its domestication can be traced back to ~10000 years ago. However, the history of its origin and utilization in China remains highly ambiguous. Drawing upon the most recent results of taxonomic, genetic, archeological and textual studies focused on the wheat in prehistory, this paper argues that wheat was not domesticated but introduced into China in the late fifth millennium BP. In the subsequent centuries, this exotic crop was quickly utilized as a staple food in northwest China. In contrast, it was not adopted as a staple in Central Plains until the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), which was mainly as a consequence of the living environment, population and innovations in food processing technology.
关键词： multidisciplinary evidence prehistoric food globalization wheat consumption wheat domestication
null
《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 页码 23-33 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0607-7
Two decades have passed since the first bacterial whole-genome sequencing, which provides new opportunity for microbial genome. Consequently, considerable genetic diversity encoded by bacterial genomes and among the strains in the same species has been revealed. In recent years, genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics have developed rapidly, which has resulted in transformation and expedited the application of strategy and methodology for bacterial genome comparison used in dissection of infectious disease epidemics. Bacterial whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic computing allow genotyping to satisfy the requirements of epidemiological study in disease control. In this review, we outline the significance and summarize the roles of bacterial genome sequencing in the context of bacterial disease control and prevention. We discuss the applications of bacterial genome sequencing in outbreak detection, source tracing, transmission mode discovery, and new epidemic clone identification. Wide applications of genome sequencing and data sharing in infectious disease surveillance networks will considerably promote outbreak detection and early warning to prevent the dissemination of bacterial diseases.
关键词： genome sequencing genomic epidemiology bacteria surveillance infectious diseases
null
《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 146-161 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0373-8
Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years. Lifestyle change fuels obesity, but genetic factors cause more than 50% of average variations in obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has hastened the progress of polygenic obesity research. As of this writing, more than 73 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified in ethnic groups through GWAS. The identified loci explain only 2% to 4% of obesity heritability, thereby indicating that a large proportion of loci remain undiscovered. Thus, the next step is to identify and confirm novel loci, which may exhibit smaller effects and lower allele frequencies than established loci. However, achieving these tasks has been difficult for researchers. GWAS help researchers discover the causal loci. Moreover, numerous biological studies have been performed on the polygenic effects on obesity, such as studies on fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), but the role of these polygenic effects in the mechanism of obesity remains unclear. Thus, obesity-causing variations should be identified, and insights into the biology of polygenic effects on obesity are needed.
关键词： obesity genetics genome-wide association studies body mass index fat mass- and obesity-associated gene
RESPONSE OF WHEAT COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATIONS TO DISEASE AND CLIMATE VARIATION OVER 13 GENERATIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 400-415 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021394
Since the F5 (2005), three winter wheat composite cross populations (CCPs) based on germplasm specifically suitable for low-input conditions were subjected to natural selection under organic and conventional management. In the F6, each CCP was divided into two parallel populations (12 CCPs in total) and maintained continuously until 2018. Commonly used modern cultivars with different disease susceptibilities were grown alongside to assess the agronomic performance of the CCPs. The organically managed CCPs were comparable in yield and foliar disease resistance to two continuously used reference cultivars, Achat and Capo. In contrast, under conventional management the cv. Capo outyielded the CCPs (Achat was not tested), highlighting the importance of parental cultivar choice for specific management systems. The CCPs were found to be moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011. Differences between the CCPs were mainly due to parental genetic background and were significant in the first five generations, but were no longer so in the last five generations. In addition, these differences tended to vary depending on the experimental year and the environmental stresses present. In conclusion, the CCPs despite being derived from older cultivars are able to compete with more recently released reference cultivars under organic farming practices and represent a dynamic germplasm resource.
关键词： evolutionary breeding heterogeneous crop population management system
Transcriptome analysis of wheat grain using RNA-Seq
Liu WEI,Zhihui WU,Yufeng ZHANG,Dandan GUO,Yuzhou XU,Weixia CHEN,Haiying ZHOU,Mingshan YOU,Baoyun LI
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第3期 页码 214-222 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014024
关键词： transcriptome analysis wheat grain differentially expressed genes enrichment analysis
Genetic improvement of wheat grain quality at CIMMYT
Carlos GUZMÁN, Karim AMMAR, Velu GOVINDAN, Ravi SINGH
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期 页码 265-272 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019260
The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is the global leader in publicly-funded maize and wheat research and in farming systems based on these crops. CIMMYT leads the Global Wheat Program (GWP), which includes some of the largest wheat breeding programs in the world. The GWP has been successful in developing wheat germplasm that is used extensively worldwide. Wheat quality improvement is a central component of all the breeding efforts at CIMMYT and the Wheat Chemistry and Quality Laboratory represents an integral part of the breeding programs. Wheat quality is addressed at CIMMYT over the full range of this very wide and variable concept with milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality targeted. Wheat progenitors and advanced lines developed by the breeders are assessed for diverse quality attributes, with the aim of identifying those that fulfill the requirements in terms of milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality in different target regions. Significant research is conducted to make more efficient the integration of wheat quality traits in the breeding programs. The main topics being addressed are (1) methodologies to analyze grain quality traits, (2) genetic control and environmental effects on quality traits, (3) characterization of genetic resources for quality improvement, and (4) diversifying grain properties for novel uses.
白选杰
《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第3期 页码 21-24
我国小麦生产应对入世的主要策略是：依靠先进栽培技术，提高小麦生产效益；调整优化种植结构，发展优质专用小麦；积极发展商品生产，认真搞好深层加工；搞好产销衔接工作，扩大小麦市场销售；科研推广通力合作，提高生产科技含量；充分利用“绿箱"政策，加大财政支持力度。
Wheat gluten protein and its impacts on wheat processing quality
Wujun MA, Zitong YU, Maoyun SHE, Yun ZHAO, Shahidul ISLAM
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期 页码 279-287 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019267
Before the advent of the wheat genomic era, a wide range of studies were conducted to understand the chemistry and functions of the wheat storage proteins, which are the major determinants of wheat flour the suitability of wheat flour for various end products, such as bread, noodles and cakes. Wheat grain protein is divided into gluten and non-gluten fractions and the wheat processing quality mainly depends on the gluten fractions. Gluten provides the unique extensibility and elasticity of dough that are essential for various wheat end products. Disulfide bonds are formed between cysteine residues, which is the chemical bases for the physical properties of dough. Based on the SDS-extractability, grain protein is divided into SDS-unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and SDS-extractable polymeric protein. The percentage of UPP is positively related to the formation of disulfide bonds in the dough matrix. In the wheat genomic era, new glutenins with long repetitive central domains that contain a high number of consensus hexapeptide and nonapeptide motifs as well as high content of cysteine and glutamine residues should be targeted.
关键词： wheat gluten consensus motifs disulfide bonds SDS-unextractable polymeric protein glutenins gliadins processing quality storage protein
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Spectral reflectance indices as proxies for yield potential and heat stress tolerance in spring wheat
Caiyun LIU, Francisco PINTO, C. Mariano COSSANI, Sivakumar SUKUMARAN, Matthew P. REYNOLDS
期刊论文
The development and application of genome editing technology in ruminants: a review
Mengke YUAN, Yuanpeng GAO, Jing HAN, Teng WU, Jingcheng ZHANG, Yongke WEI, Yong ZHANG
期刊论文
Liquid metal material genome: Initiation of a new research track towards discovery of advanced energy
Lei WANG, Jing LIU
期刊论文
GENOME EDITING: A GROUND BREAKING RESEARCH HAS BEEN RANKED TOP 10 ENGINEERING FRONTS FROM 2017 TO 2021
期刊论文
A brief history of wheat utilization in China
Minxia LU, Liang CHEN, Jinxiu WANG, Ruiliang LIU, Yang YANG, Meng WEI, Guanghui DONG
期刊论文
Transforming bacterial disease surveillance and investigation using whole-genome sequence to probe the
null
期刊论文
Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies
null
期刊论文
RESPONSE OF WHEAT COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATIONS TO DISEASE AND CLIMATE VARIATION OVER 13 GENERATIONS
期刊论文
Transcriptome analysis of wheat grain using RNA-Seq
Liu WEI,Zhihui WU,Yufeng ZHANG,Dandan GUO,Yuzhou XU,Weixia CHEN,Haiying ZHOU,Mingshan YOU,Baoyun LI
期刊论文
Genetic improvement of wheat grain quality at CIMMYT
Carlos GUZMÁN, Karim AMMAR, Velu GOVINDAN, Ravi SINGH
期刊论文
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